Statement vs. PreparedStatement vs. CallableStatement
Statement:
Statement interface is used to execute normal SQL queries. You can not pass the parameters to SQL query at run time using this interface. When we are executing a particular SQL query only once, then we need to use this interface. The performance of this interface is also very less .In most of time, Statement interface is used for DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, DROP etc.Example
//Creating The Statement Object Statement st = con.createStatement(); //Executing The Statement st.executeQuery("select * from employee");
PreparedStatement:
PreparedStatement is used to execute dynamic or parameterized SQL queries. PreparedStatement is the child interface of Statement interface. It is recommended to use PreparedStatement when we are executing a particular SQL query multiple times. It gives better performance than Statement interface. Because, PreparedStatement are precompiled and the query plan is created only once irrespective of how many times you are executing that query.
//Creating PreparedStatement object PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("update STUDENT set NAME = ? where ID = ?"); //Setting values to place holders using setter methods of PreparedStatement object ps.setString(1, "Akshay"); ps.setInt(2, 101); //Executing PreparedStatement pstmt.executeUpdate();
CallableStatement:
CallableStatement is used to call stored procedures or functions. CallableStatement extends PreparedStatement. The performance of this interface is higher than the other two interfaces. Because, it calls the stored procedures which are already compiled and stored in the database server.
//Creating CallableStatement object CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall("{call ProcedureName(?, ?, ?)}"); //Use cs.setter() methods to pass IN parameters //Use cs.registerOutParameter() method to register OUT parameters //Executing the CallableStatement cs.execute(); //Use cs.getter() methods to retrieve the result returned by the stored procedure
| Statement | PreparedStatement | CallableStatement |
|---|---|---|
| It is used to execute normal SQL queries. | It is used to execute parameterized or dynamic SQL queries. | It is used to call the stored procedures or functions. |
| It is preferred when a particular SQL query is to be executed only once. | It is preferred when a particular query is to be executed multiple times. | It is preferred when the stored procedures are to be executed. |
| You cannot pass the parameters to SQL query using this interface. | You can pass the parameters to SQL query at run time using this interface. | You can pass 3 types of parameters using this interface. They are – IN, OUT and IN OUT. |
| This interface is mainly used for DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, DROP etc. | It is used for any kind of SQL queries which are to be executed multiple times. | It is used to execute stored procedures and functions. |
| The performance of this interface is very low. | The performance of this interface is better than the Statement interface. | The performance of this interface is high. |
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