When a function is defining multiple times to perform multiple tasks is known as function overloading.

Here function name is same but they are different by their signatures.

Python does not support function overloading like other languages(for example, method overloading in C++, Java). But there are different ways that we can achieve method overloading in Python.
Here in python function overloading the problem is that we can overload the methods but can only use the latest defined method.
It is an example of polymorphism.

Example:

def area(length,breadth):
    a=length * breadth
    print("the area of rectangle is",a)
    
def area(r):
    arr=3.141 * r * r
    print("area of circle is ",arr)
    
#area(5,6)   #function call
area(3.4)   #function call

Output: area of circle is 36.30996

In the above program, we have defined two area( ) function, but we can only use the second area( ) function, as python does not support function overloading. We may define many functions of the same name and different arguments, but we can only use the latest defined function.

Here if we will call add(5,6), then it will give error as the latest defined area( ) function taking one argument. Hence to eliminate this drawback, we can use another approach to achieve the function overloading.

By using Multiple Dispatch Decorator

#Python function overloading
from multipledispatch import dispatch
@dispatch(int,int)
def area(length,breadth):
    a=length * breadth
    print("the area of rectangle is",a)
    
@dispatch(float)
def area(r):
    arr=3.141 * r * r
    print("area of circle is ",arr)
    
area(5,6)   #function call
area(3.4)   #function call

Output: the area of rectangle is 30
area of circle is 36.30996

Here in the above program, the control is clearly understanding two area() functions are different based on their signature due to using dispatcher. Dispatcher(that is @dispatch) representing type specification explicitly. So in first function call that is area(5,6) representing area of rectangle and second area(3.4) function call representing area of circle.

So area() function having ability to take more than one form one is area of rectangle and one is area of circle, hence function overloading is an example of polymorphism.